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Physical Activity for Type 2 Diabetes

Over 1 million American people have Type 2 diabetes and over 90% of that population is considered overweight. The top 3 major lifestyle risk factors associated with chronic disease, cancer and stroke are 1) tobacco use 2) lack of physical activity, and 3) poor dietary habits. Dietary habits and physical activity go hand in hand when it comes to reducing your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. While there are many approaches to losing weight, 1/3 of Americans are on weight loss diets which claim to provide a “quick fix.”  There are over 150,000 books related to weight loss on Amazon.com; however, creating a lifestyle change is the key to long term success.  There is so much information out there between books and the internet- let’s establish some facts and focus on how physical activity impacts Type 2 diabetes and promotes weight loss.

Physical activity accounts for about 25-30% of the body’s total energy expenditure in a given day. (Physical activity includes walking around the office, climbing stairs at home, or standing up from a chair v. exercise which is regimented.) Before starting an exercise program, finding out your basal metabolism (BMR) will tell you how many calories your body is burning in a day. BMR is the energy expended to sustain basic life functions such as respiration, heart beat, nerve function and muscle tone. BMR accounts for about 50-70% of total energy expenditure. Once your BMR is calculated, we can then better understand and properly prescribe how intense your exercise program should be with consideration of your BMR.

Maintaining healthy body weight by balancing caloric intake with energy expenditure is typically the most challenging part of weight loss.  Too much exercise with too little nutrient dense foods can cause you to lose vital fluids and micronutrients.  Too little exercise with too much food can lead to weight gain.  Remember 2 things: 1) healthy weight loss is 1-2 lbs per week and 2) you must expend and extra 3,500 calories to lose 1lb.  For example, decrease your caloric intake by 500 calories a day without any exercise you will lose at 1 pound over the course of seven days. Walking 1 mile is about 100 calories expended. An extra 100 calories burned a few times each week paired with a 500 calorie deficit and you will reach your goal of 1-2 pounds a week.  The key is setting reasonable goals and starting with small changes to make big differences.

It’s important not to just focus on weight loss but overall health. Physical activity of at least 30 minutes a day can lower blood pressure, lipid levels, and blood glucose. The main focus is creating sustainable lifestyle changes. Focus less on the weight loss and more on overall improvements in fitness levels. Remember, fit people are healthier than unfit people of the same body composition. Being active much is healthier than being sedentary.

 

Recipe of the Week: Peach and Blue Cheese Salad

Total: 10 min
Active: 5 min
Yield: 4 servings

Ingredients:

  • 6 firm peaches, pitted and quartered
  • 1/4 cup plus 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
  • 1 clove garlic, minced
  • 1/4 cup red wine vinegar
  • 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
  • 1 teaspoon honey
  • Kosher salt
  • 1/2 cup almonds
  • 3 to 4 cups baby arugula
  • 1 cup of your favorite blue cheese

Directions:

  1. Heat the grill to medium or the oven to 250 degrees F. Add the peaches to a large bowl, drizzle with 1 tablespoon olive oil and toss to coat. Grill for 1 minute per side or warm for 2 minutes in the oven.
  2. Meanwhile, make the dressing. In a small bowl, whisk together the garlic, vinegar, mustard, honey and remaining 1/4 cup olive oil. Season with salt.
  3. Gently mix together the warm peaches, almonds, arugula and blue cheese in a large mixing bowl. Toss with the dressing.
  4. Cook’s Note: I love this served right on top of a steak but it is also great as a side salad.

 

Recipe courtesy of the Cooking Channel- find it here!

 

Beating the Dog Days of Summer

If the hot weather is getting to you, heading to the beach or pool can be a relaxing way to escape the brutal summer heat. Immersing yourself in the cool water can help to reset your body temperature to normal levels, especially after exercise. Going for a swim in a pool or in the ocean is a great way to exercise while avoiding the heat. However, it is important to understand two things: you still sweat (a lot) while in the water, and despite being fully immersed in water you can still become dehydrated!

It may be hard to tell because your skin is already wet, but just like any other form of exercise, you still sweat while swimming. Swimming is a taxing, total body workout and comparatively is one of the top calorie burning exercises you can perform. Burning calories raises internal body temperatures which causes us to sweat. Cool water can initially combat the rise in body temperature but only to a certain point, then the body has to cool itself down by sweating.

We lose a tremendous amount of water and electrolytes when we sweat. Our bodies can’t soak up the water around us, hence we must drink enough fluids in order to replace what is lost. You should fill up on fluids before and after a water workout (and depending on the duration of the workout, you may need to hydrate during). Dehydration can cause symptoms such as cramping, dizziness, and fatigue; so it is important to continually hydrate throughout the day. Here is good formula to estimate how much water to you should consume daily:

–        Body weight (lbs) divided by 2 = ounces of water you should drink each day

o   Ex. 200 lbs/2 = 100 , recommended to drink ~100 ounces of water/day

Remember, even though you are cool in the pool it’s necessary to put some water back in your body!

 

By David McCalla

Sun Safety for Outdoor Workouts

The summer is here and people are enjoying being outside. Whether it is soaking up the sun at the park, the beach, the pool, a backyard BBQ, or even heading out for your workout. In general, we tend to spend more time outside over the summer. The fresh air of being outside is a great change of pace from your regular gym routine.

Being outside more also means protecting yourself from the sun; one of the first things to do every morning is make you apply sun block on your face. Especially if you plan on being outside for a long period of time, apply sun block to you exposed skin. A plain white t-shirt has an SPF of about 7. SPF measures the sunscreen’s protection from UVB rays not UVA rays. UVB rays are the kind that cause sunburn and contribute to skin cancer. SPF does not measure how well a sunscreen will protect from UVA, rays, which are also damaging and dangerous. Dermatologists recommend using a SPF 15 or SPF 30 sunscreen. Higher SPF sunscreens may not provide much more protection. That being said, it is important to reapply sun block and give your skin a break from the sun every so often.

If you are planning an outdoor workout, here are a few tips to make sure you’re keeping your skin safe!

  • Make sure your hydrated before the workout even starts
  • Before leaving the house, apply sun block to allow it to soak in- it is very easy to get distracted once you step outside to the beautiful weather
  • As you sweat, you may wipe away your sweat which will also wipe off your sun block. Try using a “Sport” sunscreen to help minimize this
  • Post-workout, try to cool down by staying in the shade. Remember to reapply if you plan on staying out in the sun

Outdoor workouts are great as long as you are practicing safe sun! Remember that your skin is the largest organ you have and it is important to protect it.

 

By Corynne Duprey

Exercising in the Heat

A nice, sunny day might give you a little more motivation to do your workout outside. However, for some people being outside in the sun can be exhausting and you’ll find yourself drained by the end of the day. This can be a bad combination especially without taking proper hydration precautions. More often than not, people are suffering from some degree of dehydration yet think their daily water intake is more than adequate. Hydration is not something that comes from same day water intake; hydration is a consistency of proper fluid intake from days prior.

Simply, warmer weather and higher humidity can cause your body to sweat more. The more you sweat the more fluids your body is losing which can cause dehydration if you are not replacing them. If you’re already dehydrated before heading outside, then you may find yourself lethargic and losing energy more quickly. This can easily be prevented and should be taken quite seriously. The general guideline is that you should be drinking 8 8-ounce glasses of water each day. However, this may not be enough for some people; aim for half your body weight in ounces or .5oz-.75oz of water per pound of body weight. For example, if you weigh 150lbs you should be consuming 75oz of water per day.

Especially when you’re exercising outdoors, it is important to be properly hydrated before heading out the door. Regularly consuming the proper amount of water will help you feel better, more energized, and have successful outdoor workouts!

 

By Tyler Palmquist

Electrolyte Replenishment and Exercise

Moderate to high intensity exercises, as well as, exercising in the heat causes the body’s temperature to rise. This increase in temperature can cause you to sweat, which is one of our body’s natural functions that helps with thermoregulation (maintaining body temperature). The bodily fluids that make up sweat are mostly water and electrolytes.  Electrolytes are ions found in the body, including sodium and potassium, which help to trigger events such as muscle actions. Therefore, when we sweat, we can lose a significant concentration of electrolytes, hindering our body’s ability to control our internal temperature, perform movements, and other important functions such as our respiratory rate and neurological function.

By consuming electrolyte beverages or gels at appropriate times relative to our bout of exercise, we can help prevent excessive loss of these electrolytes through sweating, ultimately aiding our performance and preventing fatigue or injury. There is a wide variety of electrolyte replenishing drinks, including Gatorade and Powerade, which can be consumed during and after exercise in order to help maintain proper electrolyte concentration.  However, take note that some of these drinks contain a high amount of sugar which can actually be counteractive towards our metabolism. A simple solution is mixing these drinks with water; another is adding electrolyte powders such as Hammer Fizz, Nuun, or Nathan Catalyst into a bottle of water.

The body is able to replace, at best, about one-third of what it loses during exercise. This is true for fluids, calories, and electrolytes. If you try to replace all the fluids at once, you may put your body in a state of dilutional hyponatremia (overly diluted blood sodium levels) or water intoxication. If you attempt to replace all the fuel you’ve expend, your stomach could back up in total rebellion and refueling will come to a halt. Likewise, trying to replace in equal amounts all of the electrolytes you lose, a number of hormonal triggers may create all sorts of problems such as gastric distress, edema, muscle spasms, and cramping (Eichner).

Based up on the research in this field, it is best to not chug whichever electrolyte replacement drink you consume. Consuming smaller amounts, such as 6-8 fl oz at the beginning of exercise as well as 6-8 fl oz at the end (for a 30 minute exercise) should be more effective and less stressing on the body than chugging the drink at once.

 

By Anthony Locast

Eichner, E.R. “Genetic and Other Determinants of Sweat Sodium.” Current Sports Medicine Reports 7.4 Supp 1(2008): 236-S40.

What’s Wrong with Being a Weekday Warrior?

If you’ve ever taken to Google for weight loss advice, you may have come across a rule called “80/20.” Put shortly, it explains that you eat a healthy, strict diet 80 percent of the time and you can let loose the other 20 percent. Essentially eating whatever you want even if it is “unhealthy.” This is a popular approach for many because it appeals to those who work hard during the week and use that as an excuse to binge on weekends. But here’s the issue: it doesn’t work like that.

Let’s talk to about an imaginary client named John Doe. John exercises at Peak and his goals is to lose one pound per week. He’s learned from his Exercise Physiologist that he needs to be expending 3500 calories more than he consumes. He takes a Resting Metabolic Rate test and finds out that to achieve his goal, he needs to eat 1800 calories a day to help him lose that pound. John Doe works really hard during the week to hit his goal; he comes into Peak every morning for his 7AM workout. But then Friday comes around and he decides to hit happy hour after work. John goes over his calorie budget for Friday. He has a family BBQ on Saturday and does the same thing. Sunday John Doe eats okay but misses his weekly workout. This form of eating is often referred to as “binging” and is an unhealthy habit. It’s only 2 days, but Saturday and Sunday account for 28% of your week. By not monitoring his calories on the weekends, John accidentally eats too much and doesn’t lose any weight this week.

Use this graph as an example of how John’s calories look each day:

The moral of the story here is moderation! One slip up will not put you into the red, but a series of slips ups or “cheat days” might! Finding that balance is the key to your weight loss success. You can go to happy hour once in a while and enjoy the graduation BBQ, but it is important to remember not to let that one event string into a series of bad days, thus slowing your progress.

 

By Matt Rhodes

An Introduction to Nutritional Supplements

The human body requires a certain amount of fuel to carry out day to day activities and what we eat provides the fuel needed to power our bodies. This is not only for the activities we perform or the exercise we do, what is happening on a cellular level within our bodies. Often times our diets are not enough to keep up with the nutritional demands of our bodies. In these cases, individuals may benefit from nutritional supplementation.

What are supplements and what is nutritional supplementation?

Nutritional supplements are products that are added to a regular diet in order to meet an individual’s dietary requirements. These requirements are based on age, gender, level of physical activity, etc. And because these factors are different for each person, supplementation can be implemented in a variety of different ways in order to provide the necessary macronutrients (carbohydratess, proteins, and fats), fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc.

Micronutrients

A lot of these supplements are found in pill and powder form. Multivitamis, fish oil pills, soluble fiber mixes (i.e. Benefiber). A multitude of other micronutrients-filled pills/powders are also available to supplement any dietary deficiencies. These supplements, although very important, work on smaller scale in order to improve bodily functions such as joint health, heart health, digestion, skin/hair care, vision, among other things.

Macronutrients

Throughout a normal day our bodies rely on carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as our energy and rebuilding sources. Adding exercise further depletes these macronutrients, so it is important to try replace what we have used with the meals we eat. For those who do not receive enough from their regular nutrition, energy bars, protein bars, or protein powders are good forms of macronutrient supplementation. This ensures your body has enough of the macronutrients needed to both perform it’s regular functions and build/repair tissue post-exercise.

 With regards to exercise:

  • Energy bars, before or after exercise, provide a great source of carbohydrates to either fuel a workout or replace what is lost after one.
  • Protein bar/ powders are usually taken after a workout in order to aid in muscle building and recovery.
  • *When trying to lose weight,* it is important to maintain protein intake while decreasing total caloric intake. Supplementing with shakes and bars is one way to get the necessary amount of protein without also increasing fat/carbohydrate intake.

 

By David McCalla