Lynbrook | New Hyde Park | NY

physiologists

Tips for Making a Habit of Drinking Water

We asked Peak Performance’s own Exercise Physiologists about how they have created routine in their lives. From working out, to meal prepping to staying hydrated, read on for their best tips!

Developing a routine with hydration should be as essential as brushing your teeth in the morning or washing your face at night.  Too many people don’t hydrate their bodies enough on a day to day basis; this is why it’s one of the very first things we address when beginning an exercise program at Peak. Many times I will ask a client “how many cups on average do you think you have a day?” Many people will answer with “3 bottles a day” and point to the water bottle they have in their hand, whether it be an 8oz Poland spring or a giant Yeti 36oz.  Many people will admit they don’t get enough water, but somehow struggle with remembering to drink.  Others even claim they don’t want to be burdened with going to the restroom more frequently, but when I pry I find many of them are going to the restroom frequently at night but not during the day.  That is due to the body slowing down at night and renal function may to, but what about the waking hours?  Those missed opportunities to nourish your body, shouldn’t we focus on that? My general recommendation to new clients starting out is 8 x 8 oz cups per day; this is commonly more than they are used to. However, there are no actual hard and fast guidelines due to the fact that number depends on many factors such as body mass, the rate at which you sweat, heat and humidity, exercise intensity and duration.  Regardless of your water intake, since everyone’s is different, developing a routine in order to hit that mark every day is the key piece.

Reminders can be very helpful when developing a new habit.  I love setting a reminder in my phone, whether it’s for a meeting, remembering to wish my cousin good luck, and yes, drinking water. Each reminder has its significance in my life. Many times it’s the little things in life we take for granted; our bodies will continue to run even if we neglect it, but how can we increase its efficiency? What we don’t realize is that these unique systems that make up the human body are all integrated by the vast circulation that is dependent upon water.  Physiologically nothing would happen without the presence of water; therefore shouldn’t it be a higher priority?  Many of us drink a cup of coffee before we even have a cup of water in the morning.  Make hydration a priority in your life; add it as a reminder in your phone every hour to drink.

If you are utilizing a reusable water bottle, try this tip for holding yourself accountable: each time you drink your entire water bottle, place a rubber band around it.  This is a simple way to track your fluid intake throughout the day.  This will also give you an idea of how much water you normally drink on days when you are exercising light or hard and days when you are busy vs. days you are not busy.  Find out what’s holding you back from drinking more water because we all can use the extra hydration.

Brandon Ayala, CSCS

Recipe of the Week: Summer Eggplant and Zucchini

Peak Performance’s members are really just of chefs who know how to cook & eat healthy.

Thank you to Donna P. for sharing her recipe!

 Ingredients:

  • 2 small eggplants
  • 1 small onion
  • 2 bell peppers
  • 1 tbsp minced garlic
  • 1 tsp Italian seasoning
  • 4 ripe tomatoes (about 1 pound)
  • ¼ cup fresh basil
  • Extra virgin olive oil

Directions:

  1. Cut eggplant into small chunks. Mince garlic. Finely chop onions.
  2. Coat sauté pan with Extra virgin Olive oil. Sauté eggplant and onion about 5 minutes on medium/medium low heat until starting to soften. Stir occasionally.
  3. While eggplant and onions are cooking finely chop bell peppers and cut zucchini into small chunks.
  4. Add peppers, zucchini, garlic and Italian seasoning to the pan. Stir to combine. Cook 5 minutes
  5. Chop tomatoes and add to the pan. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Add a shake of red pepper flakes. (Of course this is optional).
  6. Simmer on low until vegetables are tender. About 20 minutes. If there is too much liquid cook uncovered for last 5 minutes.
  7. Finely chop basil and stir into the vegetables. Adjust seasoning if needed.

Recipe of the Week: Chicken & Brussels One-Pot Pasta

Yield: 5 servings

Ingredients:

  • 8 ounces whole-wheat linguine or spaghetti
  • 1 pound boneless, skinless chicken thighs
  • 4 cups sliced mushrooms
  • 2 cups sliced Brussels sprouts
  • 1 medium onion, chopped
  • 4 cloves garlic, thinly sliced
  • 2 tablespoons Boursin cheese
  • 1¼ teaspoons dried thyme
  • ¾ teaspoon dried rosemary
  • ¾ teaspoon salt
  • 4 cups water
  • 2 tablespoons chopped fresh chives

Directions:

  1. Combine pasta, chicken, mushrooms, Brussels sprouts, onion, garlic, Boursin cheese, thyme, rosemary and salt in a large pot. Stir in water. Bring to a boil over high heat. Boil, stirring frequently, until the pasta is cooked and the water has almost evaporated, 10 to 12 minutes. Remove from heat and let stand, stirring occasionally, for 5 minutes. Serve sprinkled with chives.

Nutrition:
Serving size: about 1½ cups
Per serving: 353 calories
10g fat; 8g fiber; 42g carbohydrates; 27g protein 4g sugars; 568 mg potassium

 

Original recipe can be found here from EatingWell.com!

Can You Out-work a Bad Diet?

The golden rule of weight loss is, “If you burn more calories than you take in, your weight will decrease”. It has been engrained in human lifestyles dating to thousands of years ago. Our ancestors led active hunting and gathering lifestyles in order to survive. They would gain weight when food was abundant; and during dry seasons or harsh winters, their caloric intake would severely decrease, to no choice of their own.  Now, progress this conversation to present day. You can hear the “gym bro” logic resonating off the walls of the locker rooms, “Look at the cavemen! They ate a TON! If you just workout a lot, you can eat whatever you want! It works for me!” Not quite the case, Chad.

Let’s break it down… According to Chad, he eats whatever he wants and just works out to keep his body in tip top condition. How’s the math add up? To start: Let’s say Chad is a 21 year old male, weighing about 180 lbs and standing about 6 feet tall. His parents are of average height and weight for their age group. Chad’s young metabolism keeps him burning approximately 2200 calories a day, or 15,400 calories a week. He hits the gym with his bros for an hour a day, four to 5 days a week for some moderate intensity weight training, in hopes that developing his body will help him to finally score a date with the cutie in his algebra class. This is a healthy move for Chad, giving him an additional 260 calories burned each day, or an additional 1300 per week. Back to the golden rule: If Chad wants to keep his impressive physique, he will have to consume right around 16,700 calories per week! Seems like a lot, doesn’t it?

Not until we take a look at Chad’s diet. Since moving out of his parent’s house, he’s had to do a lot of cooking for himself. The term “cooking” is unheard of in Chad’s vocabulary so he eats whatever is available, often going to the same takeout places and pubs for his meals. During the week, he does okay. He makes somewhat healthy decisions, consuming about 2,400 calories per day, or about 12,000 for the work week. Not that much over what he is burning during that given time. Enter: Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Chad meets up with his bros for some casual beers after a big week at work, bringing his total to 12,900. He grabs a late night pizza afterwards, Bumping his consumed calories to 14,900. After a big breakfast consisting of 800 calories Saturday morning, he hears that the cutie from algebra is going to his local pub. After repeating something similar to Friday’s debacle, he is now at 17,800 calories for the week, or well over what he would need to maintain his current weight. After several months of this, he goes back to visit his parents, who can’t help but notice that Chad has put on some weight. He couldn’t out work his poor choices after all.

Put simply, a slip up every once in a while is okay for someone’s fitness journey. Its what makes us human and keeps us sane during an often difficult time. But regular overeating is difficult to overcome, based on the sheer time involved in negating it. A 300 calorie donut equals out to a 2.5 mile run. So, what’s easier to do? Not eat that break room donut every day, or stomp on the sneakers and head out for an additional 20-30 minute run every day? There is no right answer to the question, but it should resonate that exercising self-control in the kitchen will require less exercising in the gym.

 

By Matt Rhodes, M.S.

Weight Loss Benefits

Many people across the world struggle with controlling their weight. In America, more than 1/3 of America’s adult population is obese. People who are severely overweight have an unfortunately high risk of developing other health complications; heart disease, diabetes, and joint injuries, along with several others. Losing weight can have several benefits to improving one’s health- and a little bit can go a long way. Studies have shown that losing just 5-10% of your body weight can lead to a noticeable improvement in ones’ health. Positive changes in your diet and an increase in exercise can get you started on your weight loss journey. Here are a few of the many benefits you may see when losing weight:

Losing weight can…

  • Lower your blood pressure and improve “good” cholesterol levels (HDL), both contributing to a decrease risk of heart disease.
  • Improve blood glucose levels and decrease your risk of getting diabetes
    • If you already have diabetes, losing weight can decrease your reliance on medications
  • Decrease your risk of developing certain cancers
  • Decrease your risk of having a stroke
  • Decrease your risk of inflammation caused by chemicals released from fat cells
  • Decrease stress on joints, leading to a reduction in joint deterioration
    • If you already have damage within the joint (osteoarthritis), losing weight can improve your symptoms and slow the progress of joint deterioration
  • Improve mobility
  • Improve quality of sleep
  • Improve mood and quality of life

 

By David McCalla

 

The “Best” Workout for Weight Loss

Many people are constantly searching for the most effective workouts to lose weight as quickly as possible.  Unfortunately, this “magic” workout does not exist—different methods work for different people.  However, there are certain parameters that one must focus on in order to achieve a successful weight-loss program. Although it is not considered part of the “workout” section of a weight-loss program, if your diet is not in check you will most likely not lose weight.  Ask your physiologist for any recommendations they have to help kick start your journey to a lighter, healthier body.

Your first and most important priority with any weight-loss workout is cardio—increasing the number of times your heart beats per minute (through physical activity) for a prolonged period of time is essential to increasing your caloric deficit.  Caloric deficit refers to a higher amount of calories being burned from the body versus the amount of calories being taken in through eating and drinking.  That deficit is what causes our body to recruit calories from fat stores within us as metabolic fuel for normal bodily functioning and activity.  Therefore, doing cardio or moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week will benefit you by helping create a larger caloric deficit.  According to numerous studies, including a 12-month study by Chambliss et al, exercise duration (at least 150 minutes per week) was more important than vigorous versus moderate intensity exercise to achieve weight-loss goals (1).

On average, a moderate intensity cardio workout of 30 minutes at a heart rate zone between 50-80% of a person’s heart rate reserve (HRR) can burn anywhere between 200-300 calories depending on intensity.  Other factors that determine the rate of calories burned include age and mass.  However, not only should a person attempting to lose weight perform moderate cardio or physical activity on most days of the week, they should also train one or more times at a higher intensity in order to improve their metabolic functioning. Some research experiments, including one by Yoshioka et al. explain that high intensity versus moderate intensity exercise yields significant benefits on post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) as well as on fat oxidation (3).  What this means is that high intensity training causes a person’s body to burn calories at a faster rate after exercise as well as specifically burn fat more effectively.  Both of which have positive benefits in relation to weight-loss.

Another overlooked but important component of any “great” weight-loss workout includes resistance/strength training.  Building strength in the muscles that we use to perform our cardio exercises benefits us by improving our tolerance for work intensity and improving muscle endurance to last longer with our workouts. According to one study, 45 minutes of strength training created a greater EPOC and fat oxidation during the 2 hours after the exercise session (2).  This means that for two hours post-strength training, one can increase his or her metabolism and rate at which fat is burned.

In conclusion, there is no “perfect” workout for weight-loss.  Involving moderate and vigorous cardiovascular training sessions, day-to-day physical activity, and strength training combined with a proper diet are the keys to making your weight-loss program an effective one.

 

By Anthony Locast

 

Sources

  1. Chambliss, Heather O. “Exercise duration and intensity in a weight-loss program.” Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine15.2 (2005): 113-115.
  2. Da Mota, Gustavo Ribeiro, et al. “Strength training and weight loss.” Journal of the Health Sciences Institute28.4 (2010): 337-340.
  3. Yoshioka, M., et al. “Impact of high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and body fatness.” International Journal of obesity25.3 (2001): 332.

The Risk of Fad Diets

As Exercise Physiologists, we are often asked, “What is the best way to lose weight?” But the answer does not always match up to the answer the client is looking for.  Everyone seems to be looking for the fastest ways to lose a lot of weight; which is why diets are so widely marketed.  The fact of the matter is, losing 9 pounds and 5 inches in 2 weeks under the guidance of a fad diet are unsafe, counterproductive and often unsustainable. This type of weight should often be under the supervision of a medical professional.  It is near impossible to lose 9 pounds in two weeks while also giving the body all the macronutrients it needs to perform at optimal levels.  Being in a medically supervised zone can make simple tasks difficult to focus on, increase catabolic reactions which can result in muscle breakdown and strains on different organs and the systems they are responsible for.  Unfortunately, the risk of losing muscle and possible organ failure is greater when following a “fad diet.”  If gaining muscle, increasing focus and drive all while losing weight are your goals, then you may want to consider meeting with an Exercise Physiologist to discuss simple calories in and calories out.

Each individual is unique in their own way.  Yes, you are unique not only by what people see on the outside but what’s happening inside your body, as well.  Each individual is equipped with their very own metabolic rate.  Your metabolic rate controls the temperature of your body; it controls the success and proficiency of your organs that aid in digestion, absorption, muscle building, muscle breakdown, cell growth, cell death etc.  This takes a great deal of energy to control, in fact your metabolic rate accounts for 60-75% of your daily caloric expenditure.  With a percentage like that and the responsibilities that your metabolism bears, it is of the utmost importance that you know how many calories specifically you need to feed the machine that is your metabolism.  You can easily calculate your metabolism through scientific equations available online, or perform the test if your gym or doctor’s office is equipped to perform an RMR test.  Once you feed the “machine” that is your metabolism, everything else is just extra calories that can be manipulated in order to achieve weight loss.

Your metabolism is extremely important as it is responsible for almost every major function in the human body.  If you under eat below your metabolism through certain fad diets, it can come back to harm you in the end (i.e. having a detrimental effect on many systems that the metabolism controls).  In the end, fad diets may even slow down your metabolism further making it harder to lose weight.  Eating just enough to feed your metabolism will keep you from gaining weight; then as you add in exercise and increase your physical activity, you will then see changes in your body weight and composition.

 

 

By Brandon Ayala, CSCS

Improving Game Speed & Performance

When working with athletes, speed and agility are training essentials, along with strength. However, it is common to mistake the difference between speed, agility and acceleration. The National Academy of Sport Medicine (NASM) refers to speed as the ability to move one’s body in one direction as fast as possible and acceleration is how quickly an individual can reach their top speed from a non-moving position. Agility is the ability to accelerate, decelerate, and quickly change directions while maintaining proper posture. It is incredibly important, when training athletes, to consider what planes of movement they will be using during the course of a game, tournament or outing. Increasing speed, agility and acceleration can be a daunting task for trainers, but understanding the difference between the 3 and knowing drills to supplement each aspect will allow athletes to reach new heights.

Speed is a quality, essential to most sports. Some sports are more reliant on it than others and sometimes, it can even determine the success of one athlete over another. But, how exactly do we train for speed?

Increasing speed initially revolves around the idea of “perfecting” running technique. Arm action drills can increase coordination between our upper and lower halves, while wall-drills teach the athlete to achieve triple extension. In tandem, these rudiments provide the base for producing the most power per step and ability to cycle when at top speed. Squats, heavy sled drags, and isometric/eccentric hamstring exercises, etc. attribute to muscular development in the groups essential to speed development. Increasing muscular development and being able to “shut-off” the muscles that are antagonistic when sprinting will result in a faster athlete. Lastly, it is necessary to get out and sprint, using proper technique. Filming or using apps like Hudl are great ways to critique and help identify breaks in form.

While speed sometimes steals the spotlight, agility can turn the tides for an athlete in most sports. Athletes are required to move laterally (side-to-side) in order to defend, make quick cuts to evade defenders, or sometimes full turn into a sprint to track down a ball. Whatever situation an athlete finds themselves in, being able to quickly perform any movement at any time will give them a competitive advantage. Training to improve agility has a similar pattern to training for speed. Agility is based around motor control and proper positioning of the body. Agility also heavily features deceleration, so being able to reposition the feet to create better angles for absorbing and then producing force will make a significant difference. The main strength component for agility is a strong core. Most movements will require the upper and lower halves of the body coordinating movements. Thus a strong core will allow for the ability to dynamically stabilize and distribute force within the body more effectively.

Athletes can have natural speed and strength, but even the fastest and strongest need to be able to control their movements as scenarios change game-to-game, play-to-play. Training should emphasize developing technique, gaining overall strength and putting practice into real scenarios. After all, as Mike Robertson says, “games are won in tight spaces.”

 

By Julian C. Lee